What component in a digital optical network receives modulated light waves and converts them into an electrical signal?

In a digital optical network, the task of converting modulated light waves into electrical signals is specifically assigned to the optical transponder. This component effectively takes the light signals transmitted through fiber-optic cables, which carry data modulated into light waves, and translates them into a form that can be processed by electronic equipment.

The optical transponder performs this conversion by using a photodetector to receive the incoming modulated light, capturing the variations in light intensity that represent the data. Once the light is converted into an electrical signal, it can then be amplified, processed, or routed to its intended destination within the network. This role is crucial for ensuring that data can be managed and interpreted by standard electronic devices, facilitating seamless communication over long distances in optical networks.

The other components have different functions—an optical amplifier boosts the power of light signals to extend transmission distances but does not convert light to electricity. An optical splitter divides the optical signal into multiple paths for distribution but doesn't perform any signal conversion. An optical controller manages network operations or signal pathways but also does not engage in the conversion process. Thus, the optical transponder is uniquely positioned to handle the specific task of light-to-electricity conversion in a digital optical network.